Wednesday, October 1, 1823

After losing a league home match to local rivals Persebaya Surabaya, some 3,000 Arema supporters invaded the stadium's pitch and met with police resistance, causing a stampede that killed 135.

The International Court of Justice ruled that Chile was under no obligation to restore Bolivia's access to the Pacific Ocean, which it had lost in the 19th century.

A lone gunman fired more than 1,000 rounds of ammunition from his hotel suite on a crowd attending the Route 91 Harvest music festival on the Las Vegas Strip, resulting in 60 deaths and 867 injuries.

A ferry collision off Lamma Island, Hong Kong, killed 39 people and injured 92 others.

A levy was imposed on the hiring of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong, who numbered in the hundreds of thousands at the time.

Europol, the EU's law enforcement agency, was formed with the ratification of the Europol Convention by all member states.

A tribunal was established to consider matters relating to the constitution of Singapore upon referral by the president.

Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav People's Army forces invaded the area surrounding Dubrovnik, Croatia, beginning a seven-month siege of the city.

Fifty Rwandan Patriotic Front rebels deserted their Ugandan Army posts and crossed the border from Uganda into Rwanda, marking the start of the Rwandan Civil War.

Civil unions between same-sex couples were legalised in Denmark, the first country to do so.

Tuvalu adopted its national flag the day the country gained independence.

In boxing, Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Frazier in a match known as the "Thrilla in Manila".